Complex Numbers in Python
Are Complex Numbers a Supported Data-Type in Python? If So, How Do You Use Them? 3 2 Answers in Python, You Can Put ‘J’ or ‘J’ After a Number to Make It...
Are complex numbers a supported data-type in python? If so, how do you use them?
2 Answers
In python, you can put ‘j’ or ‘J’ after a number to make it imaginary, so you can write complex literals easily:
>>> 1j
1j
>>> 1J
1j
>>> 1j * 1j
(-1+0j)
The ‘j’ suffix comes from electrical engineering, where the variable ‘i’ is usually used for current. (Reasoning found here.)
The type of a complex number is complex, and you can use the type as a constructor if you prefer:
>>> complex(2,3)
(2+3j)
A complex number has some built-in accessors:
>>> z = 2+3j
>>> z.real
2.0
>>> z.imag
3.0
>>> z.conjugate()
(2-3j)
Several built-in functions support complex numbers:
>>> abs(3 + 4j)
5.0
>>> pow(3 + 4j, 2)
(-7+24j)
The standard module cmath has more functions that handle complex numbers:
>>> import cmath
>>> cmath.sin(2 + 3j)
(9.15449914691143-4.168906959966565j)
The following example for complex numbers should be self explanatory including the error message at the end
>>> x=complex(1,2)
>>> print x
(1+2j)
>>> y=complex(3,4)
>>> print y
(3+4j)
>>> z=x+y
>>> print x
(1+2j)
>>> print z
(4+6j)
>>> z=x*y
>>> print z
(-5+10j)
>>> z=x/y
>>> print z
(0.44+0.08j)
>>> print x.conjugate()
(1-2j)
>>> print x.imag
2.0
>>> print x.real
1.0
>>> print x>y
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#149>", line 1, in <module>
print x>y
TypeError: no ordering relation is defined for complex numbers
>>> print x==y
False
>>>
James Sterling reports on renewable energy developments, climate policy, ecological conservation, and green tech innovations around the globe.
