How Can I Export Chrome Passwords?

^{There are several solutions listed below, not all of them might work with the latest versions of Chrome. The 'official' Google Chrome/Canary solution is the only one which is currently reliable. Other, potentially outdated solutions include a JS-based one for any OS, an OSX-only solution, and a Linux-only solution (confirmed to work in Chrome 68).}

Official Chrome Import/Export buttons

1. Required: Install latest Google Chrome (if latest stable google chrome does not work for you then try with the Chrome Canary).
2. Log in with your google account, set up synching, and wait some minutes until all passwords are synched.
3. Open Chrome Flags by typing chrome://flags in the address bar.
4. Locate and enable the options Password import and Password export, and restart Chrome Canary.
5. Now open chrome://settings/passwords where you should see a three dot icon. Clicking it will show the IMPORT and EXPORT options:

Update: in more recent Canary versions instead of the Import/Export buttons there is a single three dot button that contains an Export option.