How Does Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining Work

Introduction. The H&E stain provides a comprehensive picture of the microanatomy of organs and tissues. Hematoxylin precisely stains nuclear components, including heterochromatin and nucleoli, while eosin stains cytoplasmic components including collagen and elastic fibers, muscle fibers and red blood cells.

How does haematoxylin and eosin work?

H&E is the combination of two histological stains: hematoxylin and eosin. The hematoxylin stains cell nuclei a purplish blue, and eosin stains the extracellular matrix and cytoplasm pink, with other structures taking on different shades, hues, and combinations of these colors.

Why does the nucleus stain blue in haematoxylin?

Haematoxylin in complex with aluminium salts is cationic and acts as a basic dye. It is positively charged and can react with negatively charged, basophilic cell components, such as nucleic acids in the nucleus. These stain blue as a result. Eosin is anionic and acts as an acidic dye.