How do light sensors operate?

A Light Sensor generates an output signal indicating the intensity of light by measuring the radiant energy that exists in a very narrow range of frequencies basically called “light”, and which ranges in frequency from “Infra-red” to “Visible” up to “Ultraviolet” light spectrum.

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What is the principle of light sensing?

The working principle of the light sensor is based on internal photoelectric effect, which states that when light energy or photons are bombarded on a metal surface than it can cause the free electrons from the metal to excite and jump out resulting in electron flow or electric current.