How to Plot Min/Max Bars with a Bar Plot

• This answer expands on the code from your previous question, by including examples for seaborn.barplot and ax.bar.
• Also see Different ways of specifying error bars & matplotlib.pyplot.errorbar
• Tested in python 3.11, pandas 1.5.3, matplotlib 3.7.0, seaborn 0.12.2

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

# set edgecolor param (this is a global setting, so only set it once)
plt.rcParams["patch.force_edgecolor"] = True

# setup the dataframe
Delay = ['S1', 'S2', 'S3', 'S4']

Time = [87, 66, 90, 55]

df = pd.DataFrame({'Delay':Delay,'Time':Time})

# create a dict for the errors
error = {87: {'max': 90,'min': 60}, 66: {'max': 70,'min': 40}, 90: {'max': 93,'min': 80}, 55: {'max': 60,'min': 23}}

seaborn.barplot

• seaborn.barplot will add error bars automatically, as shown in the examples at the link. However, this is specific to using many data points. In this case, a value is being specified as the error, the error is not being determined from the data.
  • When error bars are added in this way, the capsize parameter can be specified, to add horizontal lines at the top and bottom of the error bar.

# plot the figure
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 6))
sns.barplot(x='Delay', y='Time', data=df, ax=ax)

# add the lines for the errors 
for p in ax.patches:
    x = p.get_x()  # get the bottom left x corner of the bar
    w = p.get_width()  # get width of bar
    h = p.get_height()  # get height of bar
    min_y = error[h]['min']  # use h to get min from dict z
    max_y = error[h]['max']  # use h to get max from dict z
    plt.vlines(x+w/2, min_y, max_y, color='k')  # draw a vertical line

• As noted in the answer from gepcel, the yerr parameter can be used to explicitly provide errors to the API.
  • However, the format of your errors is not correct for the parameter. yerr expects the values to be in relation to the top of the bar
    • S1 is 87, with min of 60, and max of 90. Therefore, ymin is 27, (87-60), and ymax is 3, (90-87).
• The seaborn.barplot capsize parameter doesn't seem to work with yerr, so you must set the matplotlib 'errorbar.capsize' rcParmas. See Matplotlib Errorbar Caps Missing

# set capsize param (this is a global setting, so only set it once)
plt.rcParams['errorbar.capsize'] = 10

# create dataframe as shown by gepcel
Delay = ['S1', 'S2', 'S3', 'S4']

Time = [87, 66, 90, 55]
_min = [60, 40, 80, 23]
_max = [90, 70, 93, 60]
df = pd.DataFrame({'Delay':Delay,'Time':Time, 'Min': _min, 'Max': _max})

# create ymin and ymax
df['ymin'] = df.Time - df.Min
df['ymax'] = df.Max - df.Time

# extract ymin and ymax into a (2, N) array as required by the yerr parameter
yerr = df[['ymin', 'ymax']].T.to_numpy()

# plot with error bars
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 6))
sns.barplot(x='Delay', y='Time', data=df, yerr=yerr, ax=ax)

pandas.DataFrame.plot.bar

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 6))

df.plot.bar(x='Delay', y='Time', ax=ax)

for p in ax.patches:
    x = p.get_x()  # get the bottom left x corner of the bar
    w = p.get_width()  # get width of bar
    h = p.get_height()  # get height of bar
    min_y = error[h]['min']  # use h to get min from dict z
    max_y = error[h]['max']  # use h to get max from dict z
    plt.vlines(x+w/2, min_y, max_y, color='k')  # draw a vertical line

ax.bar

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 6))

ax.bar(x='Delay', height='Time', data=df)

for p in ax.patches:
    x = p.get_x()  # get the bottom left x corner of the bar
    w = p.get_width()  # get width of bar
    h = p.get_height()  # get height of bar
    min_y = error[h]['min']  # use h to get min from dict z
    max_y = error[h]['max']  # use h to get max from dict z
    plt.vlines(x+w/2, min_y, max_y, color='k')  # draw a vertical line