Making a Good, Full, Hip Turn in the Backswing
I notice you don't have the World #1 (Rory) in any of those pics. He doesn't have a lot of hip turn on the backswing, but he does have an extremely fast one on the downswing. Combined with the pretty full shoulder turn and considerable leg action, that's what gives Rory his speed.

Jim McLean actually promoted a concept, from The Golf Machine, that he called the X-Factor, which is the difference between the rotation of the hips and that of the shoulder - the greater the difference, the more power. It's not particularly accurate/reliable imo though!

The swing can be modeled as a series of levers with torque generators at each of Torso, Shoulders, Arms and Wrists. The varying amounts of torque applied at each of these points (and their timing) governs the speed of the clubhead. The torque applied by arms is actually the least - the uncocking of the wrist applies 50% more.It's the Shoulders and Torso that apply the most torque.

Heres the reference forward dynamics model of the golf swing.pdf

Robert Thorne

Robert Thorne

Automotive & Future Transportation Editor

Robert Thorne covers electric vehicle innovations, autonomous driving systems, global mobility trends, and automotive engineering developments.

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