Moth Photographers Group -- Mothtalk020. Htm
Life Cycle: Eggs, Larvae, Pupae, Eclosion an Understanding of the Life Cycle and General Biology of Lepidoptera Adds Much to the Overall Experience of Moth...
An understanding of the life cycle and general biology of lepidoptera adds much to the overall experience of moth photography. There is an excellent on-line syllabus and illustrated Entomology Tutotial Series offered by North Carolina State University. This is a fine resource for your use in finding answers to many puzzling questions about the insects you encounter. I thank Professor John R. Meyer in the Deptartment of Entomology there for permission to reproduce below a portion of the chapter dealing with holometabolous development.
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| Appearance | Larval Type | Common Name | Description | Examples |
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Body cylindrical with short thoracic legs and 2-10 pairs of fleshy abdominal prolegs | Butterflies and Moths | |
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Body fleshy, worm-like. No head capsule or walking legs | House fly, flesh fly | |
| Appearance | Pupal Type | Common Name | Description | Examples |
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Pupa |
Developing appendages (antennae, wings, legs, etc.) held tightly against the body by a shell-like casing. Often found enclosed within a silken cocoon. | Butterflies and moths | |
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Body encased within the hard exoskeleton of the next-to-last larval instar | Flies |
| Imperial Moth -
Eacles imperialis just laid - © Robert Patterson |
Royal Walnut Moth,
Citheronia regalis ready to hatch - © Troy Bartlett |
Io Moth - Automeris
io just eclosed - © Alan Chin-Lee |
Polyphemus -
Antheraea polyphemus © Jim Kennedy |
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| Imperial Moth -
Eacles imperialis 1st instar - © Stuart Schwartz |
Imperial Moth
- Eacles imperialis early 5th instar - © Stuart Schwartz |
Luna Moth -
Actias luna color forms - © Stuart Schwartz |
Io Moth - Automeris io
group behavior - © Machele White |
Larvae may go through four, five (usually) or more instars during development. This may require several weeks or months and even several years in a few cases. Coloration and markings may change significantly from instar to instar. In some species there may be distinctive color forms in the larvae even when they originate from the same egg mass/parentage.
| Royal Walnut Moth -
Citheronia regalis early instar - © Troy Bartlett |
Royal Walnut Moth -
Citheronia regalis intermediate instar - © Troy Bartlett |
Royal Walnut Moth -
Citheronia regalis late instar - © Troy Bartlett |
| 5-spotted Hawkmoth -
Manduca quinquemaculata black form - © Jim McClarin |
5-spotted Hawkmoth -
Manduca quinquemaculata green form - © Janice Stiefel |
5-spotted Hawkmoth -
Manduca quinquemaculata black form - © Bryan Reynolds |
| a. - © Joyce Gross | b. - © Pete Ganzel | c. - © Charles Lewallen | d. - © John Himmelman |
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| e. - © Machele White | f. - © Machele White | g. - © Machele White | h. - © Machele White |
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| i. - © Tim Dyson - Sphinx kalmiae | j. - © Alan Chin-Lee - Manduca rustica | k. - © Alan Chin-Lee - Erinnyis ello | |
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