What Does Martel Mean in Music?

Martelé (French pronunciation: ​[maʀtəle]), literally meaning "hammered," is a percussive bow stroke used when playing bowed string instruments, though the Italian martellando and martellato are also applied to piano and vocal technique, and even (by Franz Liszt) to the organ.

What is Sul G?

Sul means “on” and is used with the letter name of a particular string, to indicate that that string must be used. For example “Sul G” means “use the G string”. Open string String players get many different notes out of just one string by placing their fingers on the string to make it shorter.

What is the difference between staccato and Spiccato?

Staccato and Spiccato

That's the point (so to speak). ... While both techniques use the bow, the key difference between them is that the bow stays on the string when playing staccato, but comes off the string when playing spiccato. That's why spiccato is considered a bouncing stroke, whereas staccato is not.