What Is an Explanatory Parenthetical

Explanatory Parenthetical: provides information about the authority without the need for a detailed explanation in the text. Refer to Rules 1.5 and 12.7 when using an explanatory parenthetical. The basic rule is that explanatory phrases begin with the present participle of the verb (ending in -ing).

How do you write an explanatory parenthetical?

HOW DO I USE EXPLANATORY PARENTHETICALS? They should take the form of a phrase that begins with a present participle, a quoted sentence, or a short statement. To save space, you may omit extraneous words such as “the” unless doing so would create confusion.

Can you use ID with an explanatory parenthetical?

You can only use id. when the previous footnote contains only one authority. However, this rule may be ignored when an additional source is cited in an explanatory parenthetical, explanatory phrase, or prior/subsequent history.

David Miller

David Miller

Executive Financial & Market Analyst

David Miller brings 15 years of experience in global economics, personal finance strategy, and market dynamics. He specializes in turning complex economic trends into actionable insights for everyday readers.

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