What Is Axonal Neuropathy?

Collapse Section. Giant axonal neuropathy is an inherited condition characterized by abnormally large and dysfunctional axons called giant axons. Axons are specialized extensions of nerve cells (neurons) that transmit nerve impulses.

What causes axonal neuropathy?

Diabetes, HIV infection and alcoholism can cause several patterns of neuropathy. They most commonly cause a distal, symmetric axonal sensorimotor neuropathy. The second most common presentation in these conditions is a small-fiber, painful neuropathy.

How is axonal neuropathy treated?

Acute motor axonal neuropathy does not necessarily signify a poor prognosis as patients with nodal or motor nerve terminal dysfunction or injury without significant axon degeneration can recover quickly. Treatment should include intravenous immunoglobulins or plasmapheresis as well as supportive therapy.