What Is Boerhaave Syndrome

DEFINITION. Effort rupture of the esophagus, or Boerhaave syndrome, is a spontaneous perforation of the esophagus that results from a sudden increase in intraesophageal pressure combined with negative intrathoracic pressure (eg, severe straining or vomiting).

What causes Boerhaave syndrome?

Boerhaave syndrome was first reported by Hermann Boerhaave in 1724 as a case of esophageal rupture caused by vomiting after a large meal [1]. It is induced by increased esophageal pressure followed by straining, which can result from retching, vomiting, weightlifting, childbirth, or defecation [2].

Who gets Boerhaave syndrome?

Boerhaave syndrome is seen most frequently among patients aged 50-70 years. Reports suggest that 80% of all patients are middle-aged men. However, this condition has also been described in neonates and in persons older than 90 years.