What Is Introgression

Introgression line

An example of a collection of ILs (called an IL-Library) is the use of chromosome segments from Solanum pennellii (a wild species of tomato) that was introgressed into Solanum lycopersicum (the cultivated tomato). The lines of an IL-library usually cover the complete genome of the donor.

What is introgression biology?

Introgression – the transfer of genetic material between species following hybridization and backcrossing to the parental species – is a fundamental concept of plant evolutionary biology (Anderson and Hubricht, 1938; Anderson, 1949).

What is introgression in genetics?

Introgression (or “introgressive hybridization”) describes the incorporation (usually via hybridization and backcrossing) of alleles from one entity (species) into the gene pool of a second, divergent entity (species) (Anderson and Hubricht 1938; Anderson 1949).

What is hybridization and introgression?

Hybridization is the process of interbreeding between two genetically distinct individuals whereas introgression is the process where individuals of the same population interbreed and undergo a backcross with one or both of the parents.

What is introgression in plant breeding?

Introgressive hybridization (introgression) is genetic modification of one species by another through hybridization and repeated backcrossing. Introgression is important in the evolution of flowering plants. It is also important in plant breeding where a desirable trait can be transferred from wild to crop species.

What is backcrossing in biology?

backcross, the mating of a hybrid organism (offspring of genetically unlike parents) with one of its parents or with an organism genetically similar to the parent. The backcross is useful in genetics studies for isolating (separating out) certain characteristics in a related group of animals or plants.

What is hybridization in plants?

Plant hybridization is the process of crossbreeding between genetically dissimilar parents to produce a hybrid. It frequently results in polyploid offspring.

Why is DNA hybridization important?

DNA hybridization provides an extremely powerful tool in molecular biology. Hybridization allows the identification and cloning of specific genes, analysis of levels of mRNA in cells, analysis of the copy number of sequences in the genome, and DNA fingerprinting, among other applications.

Is hybridization common?

While thought not to be very common, a few animal species are the result of hybridization, mostly insects such as tephritid fruitflies that inhabit Lonicera plants and Heliconius butterflies, as well as some fish, one marine mammal, the clymene dolphin, a few birds.

What is hybridization in microbiology?

Hybridization is the process of combining two complementary single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules and allowing them to form a single double-stranded molecule through base pairing.

Are Inbreds deformed?

Additionally, consanguineous parents possess a high risk of premature birth and producing underweight and undersized infants. Viable inbred offspring are also likely to be inflicted with physical deformities and genetically inherited diseases.

What is hybridization in zoology?

Hybridization can be defined as mating between individuals from evolutionarily distinct lineages (Harrison, 1990), they are often different species, although hybridization is also acknowledged to occur between unique populations within a species.

What is hybridization of species?

Hybrid speciation can be broadly defined as the hybridization between two or more distinct lineages that contributes to the origin of a new species. More specifically, hybridization must result in a hybrid population that is at least partially reproductively isolated from the parental species.

What is hitchhiking in biology?

Genetic hitchhiking, also called genetic draft or the hitchhiking effect, is when an allele changes frequency not because it itself is under natural selection, but because it is near another gene that is undergoing a selective sweep and that is on the same DNA chain.

What causes outbreeding depression?

Evidence for outbreeding depression comes primarily from organisms with extremely limited dispersal, such as some plants, copepods, and scale insects; or from crosses between individuals from vastly different geographic sources; or with significant chromosomal differences.

What does the term genetic drift mean?

Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution. It refers to random fluctuations in the frequencies of alleles from generation to generation due to chance events. Genetic drift can cause traits to be dominant or disappear from a population. The effects of genetic drift are most pronounced in small populations.

What is genetic swamping?

Gene flow from common species has put rare species at increased risk of extinction by genetic swamping, where the local genotypes are replaced by hybrids, or by demographic swamping, where population growth rates are reduced due to outbreeding depression.

What is gene pyramiding in plants?

Gene pyramiding refers to the process of stacking multiple genes into a single genotype to combine desirable traits through recombinant DNA technology or conventional breeding. This approach has resulted in the so-called ‘second generation’ of GE plants.

What is Abba Baba test?

ABBA BABA statistics (also called ‘D statistics’) provide a simple and powerful test for a deviation from a strict bifurcating evolutionary history. They are therefore frequently used to test for introgression using genome-scale SNP data (e.g from whole genome sequenciing or RADseq).

What is inter specific hybridization?

Interspecific hybridization is the crossing of two species from the same genus. This allows the exploitation of useful genes from wild, unimproved species for the benefit of the cultivated species. The Pisum species are diploid self-pollinators sharing a similar karyotype.

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