What's a Monad Programming?

In functional programming, a monad is an abstraction that allows structuring programs generically. Supporting languages may use monads to abstract away boilerplate code needed by the program logic.

What is a monad in simple terms?

So in simple words, a monad is a rule to pass from any type X to another type T(X) , and a rule to pass from two functions f:X->T(Y) and g:Y->T(Z) (that you would like to compose but can't) to a new function h:X->T(Z) . ... We are basically "bending" function's composition or re-defining how functions are composed.

What is a monad example?

For example, in the IO monad, x >>= y performs two actions sequentially, passing the result of the first into the second. For the other built-in monads, lists and the Maybe type, these monadic operations can be understood in terms of passing zero or more values from one calculation to the next.