When Do Traded Pokemon Obey You?

Having all eight Badges or the Island Challenge Completion stamp always makes all Pokémon obey the player. This mechanic exists to prevent players from trading in a high-leveled Pokémon from another game and easily beating the game.

What level will my Pokemon disobey me?

So, to answer your question, yes. Your starter will obey you no matter what. You could level it to Level 100 without any badges and it will still always obey.

What level Pokemon will obey you with 5 badges?

5 Badges - Obedient up to level 60; 6 Badges - Obedient up to level 70; 7 Badges - Obedient up to level 80; 8 Badges - All Pokémon are obedient.