When Was Horizontal Integration Invented?

Horizontal integration is an act of joining or consolidating with ones competitors to create a monopoly. Rockefeller was excellent with using this technique to monopolize certain markets. It is responsible for the majority of his wealth. A trust is an economic tool devised late in the 1800's.

When was horizontal integration used?

At the end of the 1990's this business strategy was experimented with, and adopted by banks and insurance companies. Horizontal Integration can be beneficial for companies that want to cover different markets.

Who came up with horizontal integration?

The Bessemer Process

Rockefeller often bought other oil companies to eliminate competition. This is a process known as horizontal integration. Carnegie also created a vertical combination, an idea first implemented by Gustavus Swift. He bought railroad companies and iron mines.

Alexander Ross

Alexander Ross

Gaming, Esports & Interactive Media Writer

Alexander Ross has covered the video game industry for a decade, writing deep dives on game design, esports tournaments, VR developments, and gaming culture.