Where Are Beta Turns Found

β-Turns are the most abundant structures in the loop segment with a preference of types I′ and II′. β-Hairpins are a key motif in antiparallel β-sheets,227 and they are widely found in a variety of proteins including IgG antibodies,228 cytokine receptors,229 growth factors,230 integrins,231 and viral proteins.

Where do beta turns occur in proteins?

In proteins in general all four beta turn types occur frequently but I is commonest, followed by II, I’ and II’ in that order. Beta turns are especially common at the loop ends of beta hairpins; they have a different distribution of types from the others; type I’ is commonest, followed by types II’, I and II.

What causes beta turns?

The Beta Turn Turns generally occur when the protein chain needs to change direction in order to connect two other elements of secondary structure. The most common is the beta turn, in which the change of direction is executed in the space of four residues.