Which Pattern Encapsulates Method Invocation?

The command design pattern decouples one object from the other and that is how method invocation is encapsulated (you will see this in a bit).

Which design pattern decouples method execution from method invocation?

The active object design pattern decouples method execution from method invocation for objects that each reside in their own thread of control. The goal is to introduce concurrency, by using asynchronous method invocation and a scheduler for handling requests.

Which factory method pattern uses?

The factory petter uses polymorphism, dependency injection and Inversion of control. The stated purpose of the Factory Patterns is: Define an interface for creating an object, but let subclasses decide which class to instantiate. Factory Method lets a class defer instantiation to subclasses.