Which Species Have Elaters?

- Elaters are usually seen in liverwort species, they are the cells that are tube-shaped which have thickening that are in a spiral shape, these are present in the spore capsules and helpful during the spore dispersion.

What plants have elaters?

In the liverworts also known as hepaticopsida [example Riccia,Marchantia], elaters are cells that develop in the sporophyte alongside the spores. They are complete cells, usually with helical thickenings at maturity that respond to moisture content.

Do bryophytes have elaters?

Mosses and hornworts

Mosses lack elaters. Within a developing hornwort sporophyte the developing spores are mixed with sterile cells of varying form.